The Water Control Module (WCM) controls undesired water production. It is insensitive to fluid viscosities, flow rates and Reynolds numbers and only requires a density difference between oil and water of at least 100 kg/m³. The WCM is designed to meet the following operator specifications:

• Flow performance (dp vs. Q) when open for single-phase oil flow
• Flow performance (dp vs. Q) when closed for single-phase water flow
• Water cut that the WCM closes at
• Water cut that the WCM re-opens at

The WCM closes and re-opens automatically on-the-fly during production. The in-situ water fractions (WF) for closing and re-opening are completely insensitive to flow rate and can take any value from 20% to 90% with extreme accuracy. It is recommended that the re-opening WF is about 5 – 10% lower than the closing WF.

The Gas Control Module (GCM) controls undesired gas production. It is insensitive to fluid viscosities, flow rates and Reynolds numbers and only requires a density difference between oil and gas of at least 100 kg/m³. The GCM is designed to meet the following operator specifications:

• Flow performance (dp vs. Q) when open for single-phase oil flow
• Flow performance (dp vs. Q) when closed for single-phase gas flow
• GOR that the GCM closes at
• GOR that the GCM re-opens at

The GCM closes and re-opens automatically on-the-fly during production. The in-situ gas fractions (GF) for closing and re-opening are completely insensitive to flow rate and can take any value from 20% to 90% with extreme accuracy. It is recommended that the re-opening GF is about 5 – 10% lower than the closing GF.

The Liquid Control Module (LCM) controls undesired liquid production in gas wells. It can be configured to stop both oil and water, or water only. Assuming the latter alternative in the following, the LCM is then designed to meet the following operator specifications:

• Flow performance (dp vs. Q) when open for single-phase gas flow
• Flow performance (dp vs. Q) when closed for single-phase water flow
• Water-gas ratio that the LCM closes at
• Water-gas ratio that the LCM re-opens at

The LCM closes and re-opens automatically on-the-fly during production. The in-situ water-gas ratio (WGR) for closing and re-opening are completely insensitive to flow rate and can take any value from 20% to 90% with extreme accuracy. It is recommended that the re-opening WGR is about 5 – 10% lower than the closing WGR.

Mud Control Module (MCM):

The optional MCM ensures that all well construction fluids heavier than formation water are allowed to enter directly into the base pipe, thereby bypassing the other fluid control modules. Once the heavy fluid has been displaced through the MCM, it will automatically close completely and permanently, such that the reservoir fluids are forced through the other fluid control modules.

Cleanup Control Module (CCM):

The optional CCM works together with the MCM, where the latter module ensures that during cleanup, all fluids heavier that formation water are allowed to flow directly into the base pipe, thereby bypassing the WCM, GCM or LCM. If the CCM is included, mud will still flow unrestrictedly into the basepipe, but the CCM will automatically cause the system to close once oil enters from the reservoir. The purpose of temporarily closing is to avoid a situation where a well section that is already clean, still contributes to the total well flow and thereby occupies hydraulic capacity that uncleaned sections could have benefited from. By automatically closing clean sections and maintaining the same total flow rate by opening the topside choke more, lower pressure and larger drawdown will be imposed on those sections that are still open and in the process of being cleaned up. When the clean-up process is completed and the well is temporarily shut in, the system will automatically reset itself to production mode, where all fluids are forced through the WCM, GCM or LCM.

Backflow Control Module (BCM):

The optional BCM, which has been qualified in lab tests, can be used to stop backflow during washpipe-free installation. Mud can then be displaced all the way to the toe without any short-circuiting through the DAR assemblies. This is achieved by a dissolvable plug, which opens up for stimulation and scale squeeze operations once it has dissolved.

Injection Control Module (ICM):

The ICM can be used alone or in combination with the BCM to give the desired injection performance. Its flow capacity can be adjusted to give high injection capacity with low pressure drop or high flow resistance for a more uniform outflow profile, or anything in between.

Alternating Control Module (ACM):

Use of DAR technology for WAG wells has also been patented by Innowell. By applying different degrees of flow restriction for water and gas, the injection profile and reservoir sweep can be optimized. This can be achieved by the ACM.